Effective vaccine management has many variables including the type of refrigeration unit used, the way the product is loaded into the unit, how often and for how long doors are opened, and the ambient/outside temperature at the refrigerator’s location. All have an influence on the temperature of the stored vaccine.
Too much exposure to heat, cold or light at any step of the cold chain can damage vaccines, resulting in loss of vaccine efficacy. Any exposure to abnormal conditions further reduces the vaccine’s potency. While inappropriate conditions can affect the effectiveness of cold-stored vaccines, one-time exposure to freezing temperatures will even destroy some. For example, liquid vaccines containing an adjuvant may lose their effectiveness when exposed to freezing temperatures. Novel RNA vaccines, on the other hand, require extremely low temperatures of up to -80 °C.
Against this background, maintaining adequate and stable temperatures in vaccine refrigerators, freezers and controlled storage units is a critical and driving necessity. All this underlines the need for reliable temperature monitoring to ensure that temperature-sensitive medicines are kept within certain temperature ranges.